Analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition

A. Analytical Exposition


   Pengertian atau definisi analytical exposition text sebenarnya sangat mudah dipahami. Secara bahasa, “Analytical” bermakna, “examining or liking to examine things very carefully” (Cambridge). Artinya, (suka memeriksa / menguji sesuatu secara hati-hati.

   Dengan demikian, pengertian Analytical Exposition bisa dipahami sebagai text yang mencoba memberikan penjelasan secara komprehensif tentang suatu masalah dengan menampilkan pendapat-pendapat pendukung secara hati-hati.

    Sedangkan tujuan utama analytical exposition text ini adalah, “ to attempt to persuade the reader to believe something by presenting one side of the argument.” Artinya mencoba meyakinkan pembaca agar mempercayai sesuatu dengan memberikan satu sisi pendapat saja.”

Mengacu pada tujuan analytical exposition ini, hal ini tidak bermakna bahwa dalam analytical exposition berisi satu argumen saja, akan tetapi berisi berbagai argumen yang memiliki tujuan sama.

Generic Structure:

1. THESIS, yaitu pendapat kalian tentang suatu masalah. Biasanya di awali dengan kalimat personally think, In my opinion, I believe, etc.
2. Arguments. kalian harus menuliskan ARGUMENTS, yaitu argumen-argumen atau alasan-alasan yang disertai dengan fakta dan bukti-bukti yang relevan sehingga pendengar atau pembaca terpengaruh dengan argumen yang kalian kemukakan. Biasanya dimulai denganFirstly, Nest, Third, The last, etc.
3. Reiteration. Untuk mengakhiri teks, kalian harus menuliskan REITERATION,Reiteration sendiri berarti kesimpulan dari thesis dan argument yang sudah disajikan diatas

Contoh 1:
    I personally think learning English through music and songs can be very enjoyable. You can mix pleasure with learning when you listen to a song and exploit the song as a means to your English progress. Some underlying reason can be drawn to support the idea why we use songs in language learning.
    Firstly, “the song stuck in my head” Phenomenon (the echoing in our minds of the last song we heard after leaving a restaurant, shopping malls, etc) can be both enjoyable and sometimes unnerving. This phenomenon also seems to reinforce the idea that songs work on our short-and-long term memory.
    Secondly, songs in general also use simple conversational language, with a lot of repetition, which is just what many learners look for sample text. The fact that they are effective makes them many times more motivating than other text. Although usually simple, some songs can be quite complex syntactically, lexically and poetically, and can be analyzed in the same way as any other literary sample.
    Furthermore, song can be appropriated by listener for their own purpose. Most pop songs and probably many other types don’t have precise people, place or time reference.
In addition, songs are relaxing. They provide variety and fun, and encourage harmony within oneself and within one group. Little wonder they are important tools in sustaining culture, religion, patriotism and yeas, even revolution.
    Last but not least, there are many learning activities we can do with songs such as studying grammar, practicing selective listening comprehension, translating songs, learning vocabulary, spelling and culture.
            From the elaboration above, it can be concluded that learning through music and songs, learning English can be enjoyable and fun.

Coba perhatikan teks di atas thesis, argument dan reiteration.
I personally think.... (thesis)
Firstly, Secondly, Furthermore, In addition, Last but not least (arguments)
From the elaboration above (reiteration)

 B. Hortatory Exposition

   Teks ini hampir sama dengan Analytical Exposition, dapat ditemukan pada berbagai macam surat maupun artikel yang bersifat membujuk, mempengaruhi misalnya surat pembaca, promosi, surat terbuka dan lain-lain.
The generic structure is as follow:

1. Thesis; thesis is similar to tentative conclusion which needs to be proven by certain fact and argument. In the end, it can be true or false

• Berisi issue atau topic permasalahan yang diangkat sebagai pokok persoalan, serta posisi penulis terhadap persoalan tersebut.

 2.  Arguments; this is the phase which try to examine and support that the thesis stated above is true.

•   Serangkaian alasan yang mendukung ide penulis.

 3.  Recommendation; this is what should or should not be done in the hortatory text. This recommendation is differentiating from analytical exposition.

•  Recommendation lebih mengacu pada saran yang direkomendasikan dari si penulis Exposition tersebut. And then, how you usually recommend something to others? Biasanya kita akan menggunakan kata-kata di bawah ini untuk memberikan saran ke orang lain, they can be:

1.     You should…., we must……, you should be….., and etc. apabila kita merekomendasikan sesuatu yangdiperbolehkan; dan
2.      You shouldn’t……, you mustn’t……, we ought not to…., etc. apabila kita merekomendasikan yang tidak diperbolehkan atau tidak disarankan.

. Language features / ciri-ciri kebahasaan
* Generic participant. Obyek, pokok persoalan bersifat umum.
* Terdapat action verb, kata kerja tindakan
* Menggunakan mental process, missal : think, feel, understand dsb.
* Simple present tense

Tujuan Komunikatif
Membujuk, mempengaruhi dan menganjurkan kepada pembaca, pendengar bahwa sesuatu seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya menjadi permasalahan.


Contoh 2 Teks hortatory dalam bentuk surat:
Dear Editor,
          We are writing to complain about ads on TV. There are so many ads, especially during our favourite programmes. We think they should be stopped for a number of reasons.
          First, ads are nuisance. They go on for a long time and there are so many. Sometimes there seems to be more ads than programmes.
Second, ads are bad influence on people. They try to encourage people to buy unhealthy food like beer, soft drink, candy and chips. And they make people want things they do not really need and can not.
          Finally, the people who make ads have too much say in what programmes people watch. That is because they want to put all their ads on popular programs that a lot of people watch. Some programmes which are not so popular get stopped because they do not attract enough ads, even though those programmes may be someone’s favourite.
          For those reasons, we think TV station should stop showing ads. They interrupt programmes. They are bad influences on people, and they are sometimes put a stop to people’s favourite shows. We are sick of ads, and now we mostly watch other channels.
David

Coba perhatikan teks di atas.
Thesis                                      : Paragraf pertama
arguments (alasan)                   : di paragraf 2, 3, dan 4.

recommendation (saran)          : Paragraf ke 5.